Tellurian.



No. 735,165. PATENTED AUG. 4, 1903. O. T. SIBOLD.

TELLURIAN.

APPLICATION FILED APR. 29, 1903.

no MODEL.

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UNITED STATES ZPatented August 4, 1963.

PATENT OFFICE.

CHARLES T. SIBOLD, OF KEENAN, WEST VIRGINIA.

TELLURIAN.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 735,165, dated August 4, 1903.

Application filed April 29, 1903. Serial No. 154,870. (No model.)

To all whom, it may concern:

Be it known that 1, CHARLES T. SIBoLD, a citizen of the United States, residing at Keenan, in the county of Monroe and State of West Virginia, have invented a new and useful Tellurian, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to tellurians, and has for its object to provide an improved and simplified form of tellurian by means of which the principal movements of the earth and moon with reference to the sun may be convenientlyillustrated, so as to explain fully the changes of seasons, the phases of the moon, and the phenomena of day and night.

A further object of the invention is to show the relation of the earths axis to the north star.

A further object of the invention is to provide a tellurian of simple and inexpensive construction in which the number of working parts is small and in which the elements are so arranged that the possibility of derangement is reduced to a minimum.

lVith the above-stated objects in view the invention consists in the construction and combination of parts of a tellurian hereinafter described, shown in the accompanying drawing, and having the novel features thereof particularly pointed out in the appended claims.

In the drawing is represented, principally in side elevation and partially in section, a

tellurian embodying the features of my invention.

In the embodiment of the invention illustrated, 1O designates a base having suitably supported thereon a vertical standard 11, adapted to support at the upper end a sun globe 12, for which may be substituted, if desired, a light of suitable character in order to show more clearly the distribution of light from the sun upon the earth and moon. The standard 11 is offset, as at 13, and rigidly mounted upon the ofiset portion is a bevelgear 14. Rotatably mounted upon the ofiset portion above the bevel-gear.14 is a sleeve 15, to which is attached or formed integral therewith a hollow arm 16, in which is journaled a shaft 17, provided at the end adjacent to standard 11 with a bevel-gear 18, securely attached to the shaft and adapted to mesh with free rotation of said bevel-gears 18 and 19 without contact with said arm. Extending upward from the offset portion 24 is a stud 20, having a socket in which is rotatably mounted a stud 21, which carries a bevel-gear 22, which meshes with the bevel-gear 19, above men tioned. The bevel-gear 22 is dis posed in horizontal plane, as shown, and upon the upper surface thereof is'securely bolted the base of a bracket 25,which has a curved arm 28 extending to one side thereof and terminating in an obliquely-disposed stepped terminal 30. The terminal portion 30 of the arm 28 is axially bored and has rotatably mounted therein a shaft 27, supporting at its upper end a globe 26, representing the earth. The lower end of shaft 27 rests in a socket provided in bracket 25, and mounted upon the shaft 27 near its lower end is a bevel-gear 29, to provide a space for which the arm 28 is curved, as already stated.

The stepped terminal 30 comprises three sections of successively-diminishing diameter rising from the bottom to the top, and on these th ee sections are mounted a collar 32 upon the lowermost section, the collar 31 forming the hub of a gear 41 upon the middle section and a collar 46 supporting a guide-frame 46 on the uppermost section. The collar 32 remains stationary upon the terminal 30, the collar 31 is rotatable on its portion, and the collar 46 is securely fastened to its portion of the terminal. Extending from the bracket 25 opposite the curved arm 28 is another curved arm 33, and extending upward from the base of bracket 25 on the same side as arm 33 is another curved arm 34. Bearings are provided in arms 33 and 34 for an obliquely-disposed shaft 35, carrying at its lower end a bevel-gear 36, which meshes with the bevel-gear 29 upon the earth-globe-supporting shaft 27. At the top of arm 34 is supported one end of a stationary shaft 37, the other'end of which is attached to the collar 32. Mounted on the shaft 35, between arms 33 and 34, is a gear 38, which is securely fastened to the shaft and which meshes with the gear 39, loosely mounted on the shaft 37 and having secured thereto a bevel-gear 40, which is in mesh with the bevel-gear 41 already mentioned as rotatably mounted on the middle section of the terminal 30. The gear 41 carries on its uppersurface an arm 42, the greater portion of which is curved outward and terminates in the plane of the earths equator. To the upper end of arm 42 is attached an arm 43 by means of a pivot 44. The arm 43 comprises two portions disposed at right angles to each other, as shown, and uponits free end is supported a small globe 45, representing the moon. The arm 43 is of sufficient length to lie at all times in contact with the curved guide-frame 46, supported on the collar 46 by means of arms 46". The guide-frame 46 is disposed at an angle of about sixteen degrees to the plane of the equator of the earthglobe, for reasons that will hereinafter appear.

Surrounding the bracket 25, with its associated structures, is an annular rack 47, with bevel-teeth, said rack being supported upon the arm 16 by means of standards, as 48 and 49, and being placed at such a height that it will be in engagement with a bevel-gear 50, rigidly mounted upon the outer end of the obliquely-disposed shaft 35.

Attached to the base in any approved manner, as by a clamping-screw, is a rod 51, preferably formed in sections pivotally connected, as at 53, so as to fold into small space, and having at the upper end a small globe 52, which represents the pole-star. The arm 51 is shown as broken at several points, because the space afiorded on the drawing does not permit representation of the complete rod in proper proportion to the remainder of the structure of the tellurian. It is of course obvious that in order to preserve the proper relation between the parts of the apparatus the rod 51 must be of considerable length.

Motion is imparted to the parts of the tellurian by means of a handle 56, attached to the sleeve 15, and when the sleeve is rotated upon the standard 11 by means of said handle the bevel-gears 18 and 19 in mesh with gears 14 and 22 are set in rotation. Bevelgear 14 is of the same size as bevel-gear 22, and the gears 18 and 19 are of the same size. Consequently the movement imparted to gear 22 isjustsuflicient to causeit to make one rotation in a revolution of the arm 16 around the standard 11. Rotation of the gear 22 at this rate will cause the bracket 25 to remain in such position at all times that the shaft 27 will always lie parallel to itselfthat is to say, the shaft 27 will always point approxishaft 37 will be caused to rot-ate approximately three hundred and sixty-five and onefourth times. Motion is imparted to the moon-globe 45 through gears 38, 39, 40, and 41, the gears 39 and 40 running idly and serving simply as connecting members in the train of gearing. The gear 38 is, as already stated, rigidly secured to the shaft and rotates therewith. The gear 39 is preferably of the same size as gear 38, and gears 40 and 41 are of such proportions that the gear 41 is caused to revolve twelve and a fraction times to one revolution of the arm 16 about the standard 11.

It will be seen from the foregoing account that each rotation of the shaft 27 will repre-- clination of the curved guide-frame 46 to the plane of revolution of arm 16 is such that the moon-globe at the end of the pivoted member 43, which travels along the guide-frame, is caused to move in a plane disposed at an angle of eight and a fraction degrees to the plane of revolution of the earth-globe, corresponding to the inclination of the plane of the moons orbit to the plane of the ecliptic.

Byhaving the shaft 27 and the guide-frame 46 inclined as above stated the relative position of the earth to the sun in the different parts of its annual orbitory revolutions and the relative position ofthe earth and moon during the monthly revolutions of the moon around the earth are shown with sufficient accuracy for the purposes contemplated in this invention.

It will be observed that with the moonglobe supported in the manner shown the same side will always be directed toward the earth-globe, and the movement of the moon above and below the plane of the ecliptic during its monthly revolution around the earth will also be made clearly evident.

As it is impossible in an apparatus of a size such that the apparatus may be conveniently handled to portray the relative sizes of the sun, moon, and earth and their relative distances apart, no attempt has been made to do so in this apparatus nor has any effort been made to show accurately the form of the orbits of the earth and moon. Instead only the generic features of the sun, earth, and moon system have been brought out, the object had in view being rather to show clearly and unmistakably the salient points underlying the phenomena of day and night, the changes of season, the phases of the moon, and the production of eclipses than to illustrate such a large number of phenomena that the more salient points might be obscured.

In the manufacture of the apparatus the parts may be made of any desired proportions consistent with a reasonable degree of accuracy in representing the relations between the movements of the astronomical bodies and may be formed of such materials as are most convenient.

In the construction shown and described it will be observed that the number of parts employed is relatively small for an apparatus of this kind and that none of the elements are such that they are liable to become injured by the ordinary use to which the apparatus is intended to be put. Moreover, there are no adjustments necessary at any time, the parts being all supported in such relation that the phenomena occurring in a single revolution of the earth around the sun will be clearly brought out. No attempt, of course, has been made to provide means for illustrating the changes in the relations of the positions of the sun, earth, and moon which cover a greater period of time than one year.

Having thus described the construction and operation of my invention, what I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, 1s-

1. Atellurian havingarotative orbital arm, an earth-globe support mounted for rotation upon said orbital arm, an earth-globe-carrying shaft mounted for rotation on said support and provided with a gear-pinion, an annular rack carried by said arm, a countershaft mounted on said support and provided with gear-pinions engaging respectively said rack and the gear-pinion upon said earthglobe shaft, whereby the earth-globe will be rotated simultaneously with the movement of said orbital arm.

2. A tellurian havinga rotative orbital arm, an earth-globe support mounted for rotation upon said orbital arm, an annular guide-track carried by said support and disposed at an angle to the equatorial plane of said earthglobe, a moon-globe-carrying arm mounted for rotation upon said support and having a jointed section operatively in engagement with the upper margin of said track, means for causing the rotation of said earth-globe support simultaneously with the movement of said orbital arm, and means for causing the rotation of said moon-globe-carrying arm around said earth-globe.

3. A tellurian havinga rotative orbital arm, an earth-globe support mounted for rotation upon said orbital arm, an earth-globe-carrying shaft mounted for rotation in said support and provided with a pinion, an annular rack carried by said arm, a counter-shaft carried by said support and provided with gear-pinions engaging respectively said rack and said pinion upon said earth-globe shaft, a gear-wheel mounted for rotation upon said support and having a moon-globe-carrying arm attached thereto, and connecting-gearing between said gear-wheel and said countor-shaft.

4. A tellurian having a rotative orbital arm, an earth-globe support mounted for rotation upon said orbital arm and inclined to the plane of its movement, an annular guidetrack carried by said support and disposed at an angle to the equatorial plane of said earth globe, a moon globe carrying arm mounted for rotation upon said support and having an adjoining section operating in engagement with said track, means for rotating said earth-globe support simultaneously with the movement of said arm, and means for causing the rotation of said moon-globe-carrying arm around said earth-globe.

5. A tellurian having a sun-globe-carrying standard mounted on a suitable base, an orbital arm, an earthglobe carried by said arm, means for rotating said orbital arm and said earth-globe at suitable relative speeds, and a north-star-globe-carrying arm extending from the base supporting said sun-globe standard, said north-starglobecarrying arm being foldable.

In testimony that I claim the foregoing as my own I have hereto affixed my signature in the presenceof two witnesses.

CHARLES T. SIBOLD.

WVitnesses:

R. B. SHANKLIN, J. I. VANCE. 

